facet

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Compatibility

Definition
Syntax
Fields
Facet Definition
String Facets
Numeric Facets
Date Facets
Facet Results
SEARCH_META Aggregation Variable
Limitations
Examples

Compatibility

facet is only available on Atlas clusters running one of the following versions:

MongoDB 5.0.4+
MongoDB 6.0+
MongoDB 7.0+
Note
To run facet queries over sharded collections, your cluster must run MongoDB v6.0 or higher.

You can't run facet queries with explain.

Definition

facet

The facet collector groups results by values or ranges in the specified faceted fields and returns the count for each of those groups.

You can use facet with both the $search and $searchMeta stages. MongoDB recommends using facet with the $searchMeta stage to retrieve metadata results only for the query. To retrieve metadata results and query results using the $search stage, you must use the $$SEARCH_META aggregation variable. See SEARCH_META Aggregation Variable to learn more.

Syntax

facet has the following syntax:

{
  "$searchMeta"|"$search": {
    "index": <index name>, // optional, defaults to "default"
    "facet": {
      "operator": {
        <operator-specifications>
      },
      "facets": {
        <facet-definitions>
      }
    }
  }
}

Fields

Field	Type	Required?	Description
`facets`	document	yes	Information for bucketing the data for each facet. You must specify at least one Facet Definition.
`operator`	document	no	Operator to use to perform the facet over. If omitted, Atlas Search performs the facet over all documents in the collection.

Facet Definition

The facet definition document contains the facet name and options specific to a type of facet. Atlas Search supports the following types of facets:

String Facets
Numeric Facets
Date Facets

String Facets

String facets allow you to narrow down Atlas Search results based on the most frequent string values in the specified string field. Note that the string field must be indexed as stringFacet. To facet on string fields in embedded documents, you must also index the parent fields as the document type.

Note

When you facet on a string field inside embedded documents, Atlas Search returns facet count for only the number of matching parent documents.

Syntax

String facets have the following syntax:

{
  "$searchMeta": {
    "facet":{
      "operator": {
        <operator-specification>
      },
      "facets": {
        "<facet-name>" : {
          "type" : "string",
          "path" : "<field-path>",
          "numBuckets" : <number-of-categories>,
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Options

Option	Type	Description	Required?
`numBuckets`	int	Maximum number of facet categories to return in the results. Value must be less than or equal to `1000`. If specified, Atlas Search may return fewer categories than requested if the data is grouped into fewer categories than your requested number. If omitted, defaults to `10`, which means that Atlas Search will return only the top `10` facet categories by count.	no
`path`	string	Field path to facet on. You can specify a field that is indexed as a stringFacet.	yes
`type`	string	Type of facet. Value must be `string`.	yes

Example

The following example uses an index named default on the sample_mflix.movies collection. The genres field in the collection is indexed as the stringFacet type and the year field is indexed as the number type.

{
  "mappings": {
    "dynamic": false,
    "fields": {
      "genres": {
        "type": "stringFacet"
      },
      "year": {
        "type": "number"
      }
    }
  }
}

The query uses the $searchMeta stage to search the year field in the movies collection for movies from 2000 to 2015 and retrieve a count of the number of movies in each genre.

db.movies.aggregate([
  {
    "$searchMeta": {
      "facet": {
        "operator": {
          "range": {
            "path": "year",
            "gte": 2000,
            "lte": 2015
          }
        },
        "facets": {
          "genresFacet": {
            "type": "string",
            "path": "genres"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
])

This query returns the following results:

[
  {
    count: { lowerBound: Long("13718") },
    facet: {
      genresFacet: {
        buckets: [
          { _id: 'Drama', count: Long("7759") },
          { _id: 'Comedy', count: Long("3937") },
          { _id: 'Romance', count: Long("1916") },
          { _id: 'Thriller', count: Long("1705") },
          { _id: 'Documentary', count: Long("1703") },
          { _id: 'Action', count: Long("1558") },
          { _id: 'Crime', count: Long("1475") },
          { _id: 'Adventure', count: Long("1111") },
          { _id: 'Horror', count: Long("1008") },
          { _id: 'Biography', count: Long("877") }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
]

To learn more about these results, see Facet Results.

Numeric Facets

Numeric facets allow you to determine the frequency of numeric values in your search results by breaking the results into separate ranges of numbers.

Note

Limitation

You can't facet on numeric fields in embedded documents.

Syntax

Numeric facets have the following syntax:

{
  "$searchMeta": {
    "facet":{
      "operator": {
        <operator-specification>
      },
      "facets": {
        "<facet-name>" : {
          "type" : "number",
          "path" : "<field-path>",
          "boundaries" : <array-of-numbers>,
          "default": "<bucket-name>"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Options

Option	Type	Description	Required?
`boundaries`	array of numbers	List of numeric values, in ascending order, that specify the boundaries for each bucket. You must specify at least two boundaries. Each adjacent pair of values acts as the inclusive lower bound and the exclusive upper bound for the bucket. You can specify any combination of values of the following BSON types: 32-bit integer (`int32`) 64-bit integer (`int64`) 64-bit binary floating point (`double`)	yes
`default`	string	Name of an additional bucket that counts documents returned from the operator that do not fall within the specified boundaries. If omitted, Atlas Search includes the results of the facet operator that do not fall under a specified bucket also, but doesn't include it in any bucket counts.	no
`path`	string	Field path to facet on. You can specify a field that is indexed as the numberFacet type.	yes
`type`	string	Type of facet. Value must be `number`.	yes

Example

The following example uses an index named default on the sample_mflix.movies collection. The year field in the collection is indexed as the numberFacet and number types.

{
  "mappings": {
    "dynamic": false,
    "fields": {
      "year": [
        {
          "type": "numberFacet"
        },
        {
          "type": "number"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

The query uses the $searchMeta stage to search the year field in the movies collection for movies between the years 1980 to 2000 and retrieve metadata results for the query. The query specifies three buckets:

1980, inclusive lower bound for this bucket
1990, exclusive upper bound for the 1980 bucket and inclusive lower bound for this bucket
2000, exclusive upper bound for the 1990 bucket

The query also specifies a default bucket named other to retrieve results of the query that don't fall under any of the specified boundaries.

db.movies.aggregate([
  {
    "$searchMeta": {
      "facet": {
        "operator": {
          "range": {
            "path": "year",
            "gte": 1980,
            "lte": 2000
          }
        },
        "facets": {
          "yearFacet": {
            "type": "number",
            "path": "year",
            "boundaries": [1980,1990,2000],
            "default": "other"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
])

This query returns the following results:

[
  {
    count: { lowerBound: Long('6095') },
    facet: {
      yearFacet: {
        buckets: [
          { _id: 1980, count: Long('1956') },
          { _id: 1990, count: Long('3558') },
          { _id: 'other', count: Long('581') }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
]

To learn more about these results, see Facet Results.

Date Facets

Date facets allow you to narrow down search results based on a date.

Note

Limitation

You can't facet on date fields in embedded documents.

Syntax

Date facets have the following syntax:

{
  "$searchMeta": {
    "facet":{
      "operator": {
        <operator-specification>
      },
      "facets": {
        "<facet-name>" : {
          "type" : "date",
          "path" : "<field-path>",
          "boundaries" : <array-of-dates>,
          "default": "<bucket-name>"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Options

Option	Type	Description	Required?
`boundaries`	array of numbers	List of date values that specify the boundaries for each bucket. You must specify: At least two boundaries Values in ascending order, with the earliest date first Each adjacent pair of values acts as the inclusive lower bound and the exclusive upper bound for the bucket.	yes
`default`	string	Name of an additional bucket that counts documents returned from the operator that do not fall within the specified boundaries. If omitted, Atlas Search includes the results of the facet operator that do not fall under a specified bucket also, but Atlas Search doesn't include these results in any bucket counts.	no
`path`	string	Field path to facet on. You can specify a field that is indexed as a dateFacet type.	yes
`type`	string	Type of facet. Value must be `date`.	yes

Example

The following example uses an index named default on the sample_mflix.movies collection. The released field in the collection is indexed as the dateFacet and date types.

{
  "mappings": {
    "dynamic": false,
    "fields": {
      "released": [
        {
          "type": "dateFacet"
        },
        {
          "type": "date"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

The query uses the $searchMeta stage to search the released field in the movies collection for movies between the years 2000 to 2015 and retrieve metadata results for the query string. The query specifies four buckets:

2000-01-01, inclusive lower bound for this bucket
2005-01-01, exclusive upper bound for the 2000-01-01 bucket and inclusive lower bound for this bucket
2010-01-01, exclusive upper bound for the 2005-01-01 bucket and inclusive lower bound for this bucket
2015-01-01, exclusive upper bound for the 2010-01-01 bucket

The query also specifies a default bucket named other to retrieve results of the query that don't fall under any of the specified boundaries.

db.movies.aggregate([
  {
    "$searchMeta": {
      "facet": {
        "operator": {
          "range": {
            "path": "released",
            "gte": ISODate("2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"),
            "lte": ISODate("2015-01-31T00:00:00.000Z")
          }
        },
        "facets": {
          "yearFacet": {
            "type": "date",
            "path": "released",
            "boundaries": [ISODate("2000-01-01"), ISODate("2005-01-01"), ISODate("2010-01-01"), ISODate("2015-01-01")],
            "default": "other"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
])

This query returns the following results:

[
  {
    count: { lowerBound: Long('11922') },
    facet: {
      yearFacet: {
        buckets: [
          {
            _id: ISODate('2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
            count: Long('3028')
          },
          {
            _id: ISODate('2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
            count: Long('3953')
          },
          {
            _id: ISODate('2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
            count: Long('4832')
          },
          { _id: 'other', count: Long('109') }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
]

To learn more about these results, see Facet Results.

Facet Results

For a facet query, Atlas Search returns a mapping of the defined facet names to an array of buckets for that facet in the results. The facet result document contains the buckets option, which is an array of resulting buckets for the facet. Each facet bucket document in the array has the following fields:

Option	Type	Description
`_id`	object	Unique identifier that identifies this facet bucket. This value matches the type of data that is being faceted on.
`count`	int	Count of documents in this facet bucket. To learn more about the `count` field, see Count Atlas Search Results.

`SEARCH_META` Aggregation Variable

When you run your query using the $search stage, Atlas Search stores the metadata results in the $$SEARCH_META variable and returns only the search results. You can use the $$SEARCH_META variable in all the supported aggregation pipeline stages to view the metadata results for your $search query.

MongoDB recommends using the $$SEARCH_META variable only if you need both the search results and the metadata results. Otherwise, use the:

$search stage for just the search results.
$searchMeta stage for just the metadata results.

Limitations

The following limitations apply:

You can run facet queries on a single field only. You can't run facet queries on groups of fields.
You can run facet queries over sharded collections on clusters running MongoDB v6.0 only.

Examples

The following examples use the sample_mflix.movies collection. The metadata results example demonstrates how to run a $searchMeta query with facet to retrieve only the metadata in the results. The metadata and search results example demonstrates how to run a $search query with facet and the $SEARCH_META aggregation variable to retrieve both the search and metadata results.

The index definition specifies the following for the fields to index:

Field Name	Data Type
`directors`	stringFacet
`year`	numberFacet
`released`	date

{
  "mappings": {
    "dynamic": false,
    "fields": {
      "directors": {
        "type": "stringFacet"
      },
      "year": {
        "type": "numberFacet"
      },
      "released": {
        "type": "date"
      }
    }
  }
}

The following query searches for movies released between January 01, 2000 and January 31, 2015. It requests metadata on the directors and year field.

db.movies.aggregate([
  {
    "$searchMeta": {
      "facet": {
        "operator": {
          "range": {
            "path": "released",
            "gte": ISODate("2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"),
            "lte": ISODate("2015-01-31T00:00:00.000Z")
          }
        },
        "facets": {
          "directorsFacet": {
            "type": "string",
            "path": "directors",
            "numBuckets" : 7
          },
          "yearFacet" : {
            "type" : "number",
            "path" : "year",
            "boundaries" : [2000,2005,2010, 2015]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
])

Atlas Search returns the following results:

[
  {
    "count" : { "lowerBound" : NumberLong(13064) },
    "facet" : {
      "yearFacet" : {
        "buckets" : [
          { "_id" : 2000, "count" : NumberLong(3283) },
          { "_id" : 2005, "count" : NumberLong(4365) },
          { "_id" : 2010, "count" : NumberLong(5123) }
        ]
      },
      "directorsFacet" : {
        "buckets" : [
         { "_id" : "Takashi Miike", "count" : NumberLong(29) },
          { "_id" : "Johnnie To", "count" : NumberLong(23) },
          { "_id" : "Steven Soderbergh", "count" : NumberLong(21) },
          { "_id" : "Michael Winterbottom", "count" : NumberLong(19) },
          { "_id" : "Ken Loach", "count" : NumberLong(16) },
          { "_id" : "Ki-duk Kim", "count" : NumberLong(16) },
          { "_id" : "Ridley Scott", "count" : NumberLong(15) }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
]

The results show a count of the following in the sample_mflix.movies collection:

Number of movies from the year 2000, inclusive lower bound, to 2015, exclusive upper bound, that Atlas Search returned for the query
Number of movies for each director that Atlas Search returned for the query

The index definition specifies the following for the fields to index:

Field Name	Data Type
`genres`	stringFacet
`released`	date

{
  "mappings": {
    "dynamic": false,
    "fields": {
      "genres": {
        "type": "stringFacet"
      },
      "released": {
        "type": "date"
      }
    }
  }
}

The following query searches for movies released near July 01, 1999 using the $search stage. The query includes a $facet stage to process the input documents using the following sub-pipeline stages:

$project stage to exclude all fields in the documents except the title and released fields in the docs output field
$limit stage to do the following:
- Limit the $search stage output to 2 documents
- Limit the output to 1 document in the meta output field
Note
The limit must be small for the results to fit in a 16 MB document.
$replaceWith stage to include the metadata results stored in the $$SEARCH_META variable in the meta output field

The query also includes a $set stage to add the meta field.

Note

To see the metadata results for the following query, Atlas Search must return documents that match the query.

db.movies.aggregate([
  {
    "$search": {
      "facet": {
        "operator": {
          "near": {
            "path": "released",
            "origin": ISODate("1999-07-01T00:00:00.000+00:00"),
            "pivot": 7776000000
          }
        },
        "facets": {
          "genresFacet": {
            "type": "string",
            "path": "genres"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  { "$limit": 2 },
  {
    "$facet": {
      "docs": [
        { "$project":
          {
            "title": 1,
            "released": 1
          }
        }
      ],
      "meta": [
        {"$replaceWith": "$$SEARCH_META"},
        {"$limit": 1}
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "$set": {
      "meta": {
        "$arrayElemAt": ["$meta", 0]
      }
    }
  }
])

The query returns the following results:

[
  {
    docs: [
      {
        _id: ObjectId("573a1393f29313caabcde1ae"),
        title: 'Begone Dull Care',
        released: ISODate("1999-07-01T00:00:00.000Z")
      },
      {
        _id: ObjectId("573a13a9f29313caabd2048a"),
        title: 'Fara',
        released: ISODate("1999-07-01T00:00:00.000Z")
      }
    ],
    meta: {
      count: { lowerBound: Long("20878") },
      facet: {
        genresFacet: {
          buckets: [
            { _id: 'Drama', count: Long('12149') },
            { _id: 'Comedy', count: Long('6436') },
            { _id: 'Romance', count: Long('3274') },
            { _id: 'Crime', count: Long('2429') },
            { _id: 'Thriller', count: Long('2400') },
            { _id: 'Action', count: Long('2349') },
            { _id: 'Adventure', count: Long('1876') },
            { _id: 'Documentary', count: Long('1755') },
            { _id: 'Horror', count: Long('1432') },
            { _id: 'Biography', count: Long('1244') }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
]

To learn more about these results, see Facet Results.

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geoShape

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Compatibility

Note

Definition

Syntax

Fields

Facet Definition

String Facets

Note

Syntax

Options

Example

Example

Numeric Facets

Note

Limitation

Syntax

Options

Example

Example

Date Facets

Note

Limitation

Syntax

Options

Example

Example

Facet Results

SEARCH_META Aggregation Variable

Limitations

Examples

Note

Note

facet

`SEARCH_META` Aggregation Variable